Transformer: Definition, Types & Application

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It typically consists of two or more coils of insulated wire wound around a magnetic core.

Types of Transformers:

1. Step-Up Transformer: This types of transformer increases the voltage level from the primary winding to the secondary winding.
2. Step-Down Transformer: Step-down transformers decrease the voltage level from the primary winding to the secondary winding.

1. Isolation Transformer: Isolation transformers have a primary winding and a secondary winding with the same number of turns, consequently providing electrical isolation between the input and output circuits.
2. Autotransformer: Autotransformers are used for voltage regulation, impedance matching, and adjusting voltage levels in electrical systems.
3. Instrument Transformer: Specialized transformers, known as instrument transformers, serve measurement and protection applications. Specifically, examples include current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs), which step down current and voltage levels, respectively, for metering, monitoring, and protection purposes.

Applications of Transformers:

1. Power Transmission and Distribution: Transformers play a crucial role in transmitting electricity from power plants to substations and distributing it to homes, businesses, and industries.
2. Electrical Equipment: Various electrical equipment and appliances utilize transformers, including power supplies, chargers, lighting systems, HVAC systems, electric motors, and audio amplifiers..
3. Industrial Applications:Industries utilize transformers for voltage transformation, power distribution, motor control, welding, and heating processes.
4. Renewable Energy Systems: They play a crucial role in interfacing with the electrical grid and converting the generated power to suitable voltage levels for distribution. Consequently, this ensures efficient and safe delivery of electricity to homes, businesses, and industries.
5. Electronics and Telecommunications:Electronic circuits, communication systems, and networking equipment utilize transformers for signal isolation, impedance matching, and coupling purposes.